VLCT offers a variety of trainings throughout the year. This listing is an overview that is subject to change. For details of currently available trainings and to register, please visit vlct.org/events. Most events are posted on the events calendar four or more weeks before they take place. Many of our trainings are also available on demand in the VLCT Store. 

On Demand Training

Most training in 2026 remains free thanks to grants from PACIF and the USDA. Select trainings have a registration fee to help cover costs that aren’t eligible for grant funding. Please check the individual event page when registration opens for more information.

2026 Events

The U.S. Department of Treasury (Treasury) recognizes that due to the receipt of a State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (SLFRF)/ARPA award, many recipients may expend $750,000 or more in federal awards during their fiscal year and newly be required to complete a Single Audit or a Program-Specific Audit. Section IV of the SLFRF/ARPA Compliance Supplement describes an alternative approach for SLFRF/ARPA recipients that are required to undergo an audit pursuant to 2 CFR Part 200, Subpart F solely for the expenditures of SLFRF funds directly awarded by Treasury. An SLFRF/ARPA recipient may still elect to undergo a Single Audit or a Program-Specific Audit under 2 CFR Part 200, Subpart F. 

Eligibility Criteria 

SLFRF/ARPA recipients that expend $750,000 or more in federal awards during the recipient’s fiscal year and that meet both criteria listed below have the option to follow the Alternative Compliance Examination Engagement (ACEE) Report: 

1. The recipient’s total SLFRF/ARPA award received directly from Treasury or received (through states) as a non-entitlement unit (NEU) of local government is at or below $10 million; and
2. Other federal award funds the recipient expended (not including their SLFRF/ARPA award funds) are less than $750,000 during the recipient’s fiscal year.

Further details are included in:

• 21 SLFRF Compliance Supplement – Technical Update (see content beginning on page 9)
• 2022 SLFRF Compliance Supplement (see content beginning on page 10)
• 2023 SLFRF Compliance Supplement ( see content beginning on page 11)

Examination Guidance 

The alternative approach to a Single Audit or Program-Specific Audit under 2 CFR Part 200, Subpart F permits eligible recipients to engage a practitioner (professional auditor) to perform a compliance examination engagement in accordance with the Government Accountability Office (GAO) Government Auditing Standards. These standards direct practitioners to conduct these engagements in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) Statements on Standards for Attestation Engagements. The AICPA attestation standards are codified in the AT-C section of the AICPA’s Professional Standards and AT-C Section 315, Compliance Attestation, which is the standard to be followed.

Some Additional Details to Remember about Local SLFRF/ARPA Awards

• Notice the name of the SLFRF/ARPA funding: STATE and LOCAL Fiscal Recovery Funds. The State of Vermont received state ARPA (~$1 billion) and municipalities received local ARPA (~$200 million).  
• The amount of your total local SLFRF/ARPA award can be found in the Local Fiscal Recovery Funds Allocations table provided by the state government.
• All recipients of local SLFRF/ARPA funds are direct recipients (not beneficiaries or subrecipients).
• All recipients of local SLFRF/ARPA funds have a grant agreement (Coronavirus Local Fiscal Recovery Funds form and Assurances of Compliance with Civil Rights Requirements form) directly with the U.S. Department of Treasury.
• If a municipality receives state SLFRF/ARPA from the State of Vermont, then the municipality is most likely considered a subrecipient of these funds. If you are unsure, look at the first section of the first page of your grant agreement. It should look like this State of Vermont Grant Agreement.
• Expenditures of local SLFRF/ARPA funds should be included on a municipality's Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards (SEFA).

Other Supporting Documents

• Alternative Compliance Examination Engagement (ACEE) Report User Guide
• National League of Cities: What You Need to Know About ARPA and the Single Audit Alternative

Is your municipality ready to invest in a solar array and/or energy storage to meet its energy goals, build climate change resilience, and save money? Below are funding opportunities we've identified to support your efforts.

Consult program-specific guidance for additional information. Links to other websites offered in this document are provided to assist municipalities. The inclusion of a link does not imply endorsement or approval of the linked site or product.

Municipally Owned Array | Developer Owned Array | Resources

Municipally Owned Array

Cash Purchase

Direct ownership of a solar system can be financed with cash through the municipal budget, using local ARPA funds, or with a municipality’s reserve fund.

Direct Solar Loan

The municipality can borrow money from a traditional lender and make monthly payments. EnergySage compiled a comprehensive list of lenders that finance solar projects in Vermont. VLCT is aware of these in-state lenders and programs marketing loans for energy projects.

EastRise Credit Union Green Loan – EastRise's green lending program supports solar installations.

Vermont Federal Credit Union (VFCU) Solar Loan - VFCU's solar loan supports solar installations.

Vermont Economic Development Authority (VEDA) Commercial Energy Loan Program - Municipalities are eligible for this program. It has variable rates and a low fixed rate option for five years.

Vermont Bond Bank Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Program - Provides low cost and flexible financing for energy efficiency and renewable energy projects to help drive down costs for all eligible Bond Bank borrowers from towns to school districts. Eligible loans must demonstrate a minimum of 5% savings of costs spent on energy and/or total energy use. Contact Vermont Bond Bank loan officer, Ken Linge, to start.

Vermont Buildings and General Services Municipal Energy Revolving Fund – The Vermont Legislature authorized a Municipal Energy Loan Program and a Municipal Energy Revolving Fund as part of Act 172 in 2022. Eligible activities are energy audits and energy efficiency improvements in municipal buildings. 

Establish A Municipal Revolving Loan Fund - The City of Montpelier established its own Net Zero Revolving Loan Fund using $20,000 from the City’s Reserve Fund, which Efficiency Vermont matched with $10,000. The fund finances municipal energy efficiency and renewable energy investments. Annual energy savings from funded projects are paid back into the fund so it grows over time.

Grants and Rebates

These funding opportunities can be used by a municipality for energy generation and/or storage.

Vermont Arts Council Cultural Facilities Grant - Supports projects that enhance, create, or expand the capacity of an existing building to provide cultural activities for the public. Applicants must own a facility that is at least 10 years old, and it must be physically located in Vermont. This grant will fund improvements to libraries, town halls, and other municipal buildings if they provide cultural activities for the public, including accessibility improvements, hazard mitigation efforts, and energy efficiency upgrades among other physical improvements. Energy efficiency projects, including renewable energy and battery storage, are eligible activities.

EBSCO Solar Grant Program – This annual grant funds solar installations at libraries with a goal of helping libraries offset their expenses by incorporating solar power. Optimal candidate libraries will have newer roofs that have a lifespan consistent with a new solar system or space for a ground installation. The library should be able to support an array large enough to offset a significant portion of the library’s electricity costs. The library must be a current EBSCO customer. A library in a small Vermont community has received an EBSCO grant.

Federal Investment Tax Credit - In the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) of 2022, Congress authorized entities that don’t pay federal taxes, such as municipalities and municipal utilities, to use certain tax incentives. Based on their energy production capacity, most solar projects for municipal facilities will use the Investment Tax Credit. See VLCT’s Tax Incentives Municipalities Can Use to Further Their Energy Goals. For renewable energy generation and storage, municipalities can use the Energy Tax Credit (§ 48) for projects placed in service through December 31, 2024, and the Clean Electricity Investment Tax Credit (§ 48E) for projects placed in service beginning January 1, 2025. Requirements for this credit were updated in 2025. See Key Changes to Tax Incentives for Municipal Energy Projects and IRS Tightens Timeline for Energy Tax Incentive Eligibility: What Municipal Leaders Need to Know.

The tax credit is claimed through a process known as Elective Pay (a.k.a. Direct Pay). To receive a payment from the IRS, the municipality must complete a pre-filing registration for each eligible project and receive a project registration number. Other requirements include satisfying all eligibility requirements for the tax credit, substantiating them with documentation, and filing Form 990-T by a specified due date. Form 990-T is the Exempt Organization Business Income Tax Return. See Claiming Tax Incentives for Your Clean Energy Project.

The IRS’s webpage for Inflation Reduction Act tax incentives includes information, publications, and frequently asked questions about Elective Pay and Transferability. Publication 5817-G, Clean Energy Tax Incentives: Elective Pay-Eligible Tax Credits highlights tax credits available to tax exempt entities.

Green Mountain Power (GMP) Rebates & Programs – GMP has incentive programs for energy storage for its customers.

VNRC Small Grants for Smart Growth – Supports advocacy for better land use, advancing transportation choice, supporting housing choice and affordability, promoting downtown or village center revitalization, conservation and natural resources, public outreach and engagement. Awards can be useful for project planning, as well as outreach and education activities around community revitalization efforts. Awards cannot be used for capital improvements. Awards range from $500 to $1,500.

These funding opportunities require wrapping the solar project into a larger project, developing arrays that serve low- and moderate-income communities, or selling power.

USDA Powering Affordable Clean Energy PACE Program – Supports renewable energy projects that use wind, solar, hydropower, geothermal, or biomass, as well as for renewable energy storage projects. Applicants must generate electricity for resale to residents.  Projects must be based on bankable power purchase agreements (PPAs) or through a financial guarantee that ensures the financial feasibility of the project. Energy must be sold for resale to eligible off-takers which can include both utility and non-utility customers. 

Both rural and nonrural areas are eligible; however, at least 50 percent of the population served by your proposed renewable energy project must live in communities with populations of 20,000 or fewer. This is a loan program, but it provides loan forgiveness (grant component) if minimum standards are met (20% forgiveness) or if the project in or serves 50% or more of the population of a designated energy community, disadvantaged community, or distressed community (40% forgiveness). Award range is $1 million to $100 million. Loan term is up to 35 years. Federal investment and production tax credits can be used with this program.

USDA Rural Development Community Facilities Direct Loan and Grant Program - Funds solar as part of an award for other qualified projects, such as municipal and emergency services buildings, water and wastewater, and other community services. Communities with 20,000 people or fewer are eligible for the program. Communities with 5,000 people or fewer receive top priority for the grants.

Funding awards range from 75% grant and/or 25% loan to 0% grant and/or 100% loan depending on the community’s population and Median Household Income. The program website provides grant eligibility by municipality. This information will be updated for 2020 Census information in summer 2023. If your community’s grant eligibility is 15% or less, it may be more beneficial to pursue a traditional loan. New federal requirements may raise project costs sufficiently to offset the benefits of the grant funds. It is advisable to discuss projects with USDA staff prior to initiating an application.

Northern Borders Regional Commission Catalyst – Supports projects that address transportation, telecommunications, energy, and basic public infrastructure; business and workforce development; health care, nutrition and food security, and other public services; resource conservation; tourism; recreation; and open space preservation consistent with economic development. New in 2023, the grant funds basic public infrastructure, including public meeting spaces. Incorporating a project’s relationship to economic activity will increase application competitiveness. Solar arrays that sell power will be more competitive.

Congressional Appropriation - Congressional appropriations were formerly known as Earmarks and are currently known as Congressionally Directed Spending for the Senate and Community Project Funding for the House of Representatives. Projects are nominated by Members of Congress for funding through the appropriations bill. The Senate and House have different rules for these requests. Projects benefit from advanced discussion with Congressional staff. If selected, funds pass through a federal agency with that agency’s associated grant terms and conditions. Funds may not be available for 1-4 years based on agency capacity. Information is available on websites of Senator Sanders, Senator Welch, and Representative Balint. Projects are usually submitted in late February through mid-March annually.

Where to Find Help

Municipalities are welcome to use VLCT’s Ask a Project Pro service to discuss potential funding sources for a project or for project development advice. Through this service, VLCT narrows funding opportunities to those most pertinent to a project, saving municipalities time and resources. We also provide coaching for project development and grant management.

Many municipalities lack capacity for grant writing and administration. VLCT published a resource, Increasing Municipal Capacity for Grants, that offers ideas for assistance with grants.

Developer Owned Array

Municipalities can finance solar arrays through developer-financed solar loans, solar leases, and power purchase agreements (PPAs).

Solar Lease

With a solar lease, the municipality agrees to pay a fixed monthly lease payment to the solar developer. Ex. $XX every month through the life of the loan. Some lease agreements allow purchase of the panels at the end of the lease so the municipality can continue using the solar.

Power Purchase Agreement

With a power purchase agreement, the municipality agrees to purchase the power it uses for a set price per kilowatt-hour. This means the municipality’s monthly bill will vary based on power used.

With solar leases and PPAs, the solar developer pays upfront costs and owns the system when it is placed in service. Therefore, the developer would own any tax credit.

Municipalities can request cost estimates from solar developers for municipally owned and developer owned arrays to understand how the tax credit affects municipal costs under both options.

Resources

US Department of Energy Solar and Storage Blueprint – This step-by-step guide includes a high-level overview of the process and benefits of two approaches to going solar – power purchase agreements (PPAs) and direct government ownership of projects. The Blueprint showcases important tools and online resources, such as a sample Request for Proposals - and outlines Key Activities to help guide entities to success. A Blueprint Summary PDF is available for download. The Blueprint, along with Blueprints for other energy activities, was developed for recipients of the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) formula program. Vermont’s municipalities have access to these Blueprints even if they haven’t been awarded an EECBG grant.

Vermont Department of Service Renewable Energy Resources – This website includes links to publications and websites about solar, biomass, hydroelectric, and wind energy.

Vermont Energy and Climate Action Network (VECAN) Community Solar Toolbox – VECAN walks you through getting started, siting, and other important issues. It provides models, approaches, resources, other guides, and success stories.